Protein boost clears hurdle for self-copying RNA vaccines

A London research group has improved the laboratory performance of self-amplifying RNA, a vaccine platform designed to copy itself inside cells. The scientists added a protein called NoV B2, which eased a cellular defense that normally slows the RNA and limits production of the protein meant to prepare the immune system. Tests using stem cells and other cultured cells produced substantially more of that intended protein.

The obstacle arises when the self-copying RNA creates a double-stranded form. Cells recognize that material and activate antiviral protections, making the RNA less stable and reducing its ability to reproduce. NoV B2 suppresses RNA interference, one part of this defensive response. In the experiments, that reduced the cells’ restrictions without weakening the RNA’s immune-stimulating role.

The approach has not yet been tested successfully in living organisms, so clinical benefits remain unproven. If later research succeeds, the method could support vaccines that use smaller doses and provide protection for longer periods. Researchers also see possible uses in cancer immunotherapy, gene treatment and therapies that replace missing proteins. The university’s commercialization office, Queen Mary Innovation, is seeking an industry partner to move the technique toward clinical development.